IVPT: In Vitro Patch Testing

Laboratory methods in the detection of contact allergy – an overview of published studies.

If you know a paper on this topic, which has not been included into this compilation, please inform us – you will the contact email on the webpage www.ivpt.info . We will also include unpublished negative result if submitted in the form of a standard manuscript with the aims, methods, results and conclusions. (Intro and Discussion are not obligatory).

This compilation was made by R. Spiewak, MD PhD and K. Curzytek, MSc (biol.) © Radoslaw Spiewak

Hapten	LPT	LBTT	ELISA	ELISPOT	Flow	PCR
Nickel (Ni)	+ [1] + [2] + [5] + [6] + [7] + [10] + [11] + [15] + [16] + [17] + [18] + [19] + [22] - [24] + [26] ? [27]  - [28] + [29]	+ [8]	IFN-γ + [1]; + [3]; - [7]; + [9]; + [10]; - [11]; + [20]; - [24]; - [29] IL-2 + [3]; + [6]; + [29] IL-4 – [20]; - [24]; + [29] IL-5 + [1]; + [6]; + [10]; + [11]; - [20] IL-10 + [7]; + [9]; ? [10] IL-13 + [3]; + [9] IL-17 - [7] TGF-β ? [10] TNF-α - [20] TNF-β + [29]	IFN-γ + [8]; - [11]; - [23] IL-2 + [3]; + [8]; + [11]; - [23] IL-4 + [3]; + [8]; + [9]; - [23] IL-5 + [9]; + [11] IL-10 - [23] IL-12 - [23] IL-13 + [3]; + [9]; + [11]	- [7]
Chromium (Cr)	+ [1] + [2] + [17] + [21] + [23] + [28]		IFN-γ + [1]; ? [3]; + [25] IL-2 ? [3] IL-5 + [1] IL-13 + [3]	IL-2 + [3] IL-4 ? [3] IL-13 + [3]		¯CASP8 + [2] IFN-γ +[4] IL-4 – [4] IL-6 + [4]
Cobalt (Co)	+ [1] + [5] + [17]  - [28]		IFN-γ + [1]; ? [3] IL-2 ? [3] IL-5 + [1] IL-13 ? [3]	IL-2 ? [3] IL-4 ? [3] IL-13 ? [3]
Fragrances	+ [1]		IFN-γ + [1] IL-5 + [1]
4-phenylenediamine (PPD)	- [1] + [1] + [12]		IFN-γ + [1]; - [12] IL-4 + [12] IL-5 + [1]; + [12]		+ [12]	? [12]
Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)	+ [1]		IFN-γ + [1] IL-5 + [1]
Parthenolide (Sesquiterpene lactone)				IFN-γ + [14] IL-2 + [14] IL-4 + [14] IL-5 + [14] IL-13 + [14]
Chamomilla recutita (part of Compositae Mix)	+ [13]
Gold (Au)	+ [19]		IFN-γ + [3] IL-2 ? [3] IL-13 + [3]	IL-2 ? [3] IL-4 ? [3] IL-13 ? [3]
Thiuram mix	+ [15]

„+” - concordance between patch test and the method

„-” - no concordance between patch test and the method

„?” - unclear relationship between patch test and the method

1. Moed H, von Blomberg M, Bruynzeel DP, Scheper R, Gibbs S, Rustemeyer T. Improved detection of allergen-specific T-cell responses in allergic contact dermatitis through the addition of 'cytokine cocktails'. Exp Dermatol 2005 Aug;14(8):634-40.

2. Hansen MB, Skov L, Menné T, Olsen J. Gene transcripts as potential diagnostic markers for allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2005 Aug;53(2):100-6.

3. Minang JT, Areström I, Troye-Blomberg M, Lundeberg L, Ahlborg N. Nickel, cobalt, chromium, palladium and gold induce a mixed Th1- and Th2-type cytokine response in vitro in subjects with contact allergy to the respective metals. Clin Exp Immunol 2006 Dec;146(3):417-26.

4. Thomas P, Summer B, Sander CA, Przybilla B, Thomas M, Naumann T. Intolerance of osteosynthesis material: evidence of dichromate contact allergy with concomitant oligoclonal T-cell infiltrate and TH1-type cytokine expression in the peri-implantar tissue. Allergy 2000 Oct;55(10):969-72.

5. van den Broeke LT, Nilsson JL, Scheynius A, Wahlberg JE, Karlberg AT. Lack of antagonism to Ni2+ and Co2+ contact allergy from other essential divalent metal ions. Contact Dermatitis 1998 May;38(5):266-73.

6. Buchvald D, Lundeberg L. Impaired responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to nickel in patients with nickel-allergic contact dermatitis and concomitant atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2004 Mar;150(3):484-92.

7. Cederbrant K, Anderson C, Andersson T, Marcusson-Ståhl M, Hultman P. Cytokine production, lymphocyte proliferation and T-cell receptor Vbeta expression in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from nickel-allergic individuals. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003 Dec;132(4):373-9.

8. Lindemann M, Böhmer J, Zabel M, Grosse-Wilde H. ELISpot: a new tool for the detection of nickel sensitization. Clin Exp Allergy 2003 Jul;33(7):992-8.

9. Minang JT, Troye-Blomberg M, Lundeberg L, Ahlborg N. Nickel elicits concomitant and correlated in vitro production of Th1-, Th2-type and regulatory cytokines in subjects with contact allergy to nickel. Scand J Immunol 2005 Sep;62(3):289-96.

10. Rustemeyer T, von Blomberg BM, van Hoogstraten IM, Bruynzeel DP, Scheper RJ. Analysis of effector and regulatory immune reactivity to nickel. Clin Exp Allergy 2004 Sep;34(9):1458-66.

11. Spiewak R, Moed H, von Blomberg BM, Bruynzeel DP, Scheper RJ, Gibbs S, Rustemeyer T. Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel: modified in vitro test protocols for better detection of allergen-specific response. Contact Dermatitis 2007 Feb;56(2):63-9.

12. Sieben S, Kawakubo Y, Al Masaoudi T, Merk HF, Blömeke B. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to paraphenylenediamine is mediated by 2 different pathways of antigen recognition by specific alphabeta human T-cell clones. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002 Jun;109(6):1005-11.

13. Stingeni L, Agea E, Lisi P, Spinozzi F. T-lymphocyte cytokine profiles in compositae airborne dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1999 Oct;141(4):689-93.

14. Wahlkvist H, Masjedi K, Gruvberger B, Zuber B, Karlberg AT, Bruze M, Ahlborg N. The lipophilic hapten parthenolide induces interferon-gamma and interleukin-13 production by peripheral blood-derived CD8+ T cells from contact allergic subjects in vitro. Br J Dermatol 2007 Jan;158(1):70-7.

15. Kimber I, Quirke S, Cumberbatch M, Ashby J, Paton D, Aldridge R D, Hunter J A, Beck M H. Lymphocyte transformation and thiuram sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 1991 Mar;24(3):164-71.

16. Svejgaard E, Morling N, Svejgaard A, Veien NK. Lymphocyte transformation induced by nickel sulphate: an in vitro study of subjects with and without a positive nickel patch test. Acta Derm Venereol. 1978;58(3):245-50.

17. Al-Tawil NG, Marcusson JA, Möller E. HLA-class II restriction of the proliferative T lymphocyte responses to nickel, cobalt and chromium compounds. Tissue Antigens. 1985 Mar;25(3):163-72.

18. Silvennoinen-Kassinen S. The specificity of a nickel sulphate reaction in vitro: a family study and a study of chromium-allergic subjects. Scand J Immunol. 1981;13(3):231-5.

19. Cederbrant K, Hultman P, Marcusson JA, Tibbling L. In vitro lymphocyte proliferation as compared to patch test using gold, palladium and nickel. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997 Mar;112(3):212-7.

20. Borg L, Christensen JM, Kristiansen J, Nielsen NH, Menné Tand, Poulsen K. Nickel-induced cytokine production from mononuclear cells in nickel-sensitive individuals and controls. Cytokine profiles in nickel-sensitive individuals with nickel allergy-related hand eczema before and after nickel challenge. Arch Dermatol Res 2000 Jan; 292(6): 285-91.

21. Räsänen L, Sainio H, Lehto M, Reunala T. Lymphocyte proliferation test as a diagnostic aid in chromium contact sensitivity. Contact Dermatitis. 1991 Jul;25(1):25-9.

22. Räsänen L, Tuomi ML. Diagnostic value of the lymphocyte proliferation test in nickel contact allergy and provocation in occupational coin dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1992 Oct;27(4):250-4.

23. Lindemann M, Rietschel F, Zabel M, Grosse-Wilde H. Detection of chromium allergy by cellular in vitro methods. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 Sep;38(9):1468-75.

24. Lisby S, Hansen LH, Skov L, Menné T, Baadsgaard O. Nickel-induced activation of T cells in individuals with negative patch test to nickel sulphate. Arch Dermatol Res. 1999 May;291(5):247-52.

25. Trattner A, Akerman L, Lapidoth M, Klein T, Weiss H, Ben Chaim B, David M. Use of in vitro release of interferon-gamma in the diagnosis of contact allergy to potassium dichromate - a controlled study. Contact Dermatitis. 2003 Apr;48(4):191-3.

26. Hutchinson F, Raffle EJ, Macleod TM. The specificity of lymphocyte transformation in vitro by nickel salts in nickel sensitive subjects. J Invest Dermatol. 1972 Jun;58(6):362-5.

27. Macleod TM, Hutchinson F, Raffle EJ. The uptake of labelled thymidine by leucocytes of nickel sensitive patients. Br J Dermatol. 1970 May;82(5):487-92.

28. Gilboa R, Al-Tawil NG, Marcusson JA. Metal allergy in cashiers. An in vitro and in vivo study for the presence of metal allergy. Acta Derm Venereol. 1988;68(4):317-24.

29. Falsafi-Amin H, Lundeberg L, Bakhiet M, Nordlind K. Early DNA synthesis and cytokine expression in the nickel activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in nickel-allergic subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2000 Oct;123(2):170-6.